4.8 Review

An overview of the effective combination therapies for the treatment of breast cancer

Journal

BIOMATERIALS
Volume 97, Issue -, Pages 34-50

Publisher

ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.027

Keywords

Gene therapy; Drug delivery; Combination therapy; Breast cancer cell; Nanomedicine

Funding

  1. Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Portugal) [PTDC/QEQMED/2118/2014]
  2. Xunta de Galicia [PXIB209028PR, GRC2015/009]
  3. Xunta de Galicia (Spain)
  4. ERDF [PT2020, FCT/MEC-UID/Multi/04378/2013]
  5. Scientific Society Proteomass, General Funds (Portugal)

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Breast cancer (BC) is generally classified based on the receptors overexpressed on the cell nucleus, which include hormone receptors such as progesterone (PR) and estrogen (ER), and HER2. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of cancer that lacks any of these three types of receptor proteins (ER/PR/HER2). Tumor cells exhibit drug resistant phenotypes that decrease the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments. Generally, drug resistance has a genetic basis that is caused by an abnormal gene expression, nevertheless, there are several types of drug resistance: efflux pumps reducing the cellular concentration of the drug, alterations in membrane lipids that reduce cellular uptake, increased or altered drug targets, metabolic alteration of the drug, inhibition of apoptosis, repair of the damaged DNA, and alteration of the cell cycle checkpoints. The use of combination therapy is recognized as an efficient solution to treat human diseases, in particular, breast cancer. In this review, we give examples of different nanocarriers used to co-deliver multiple therapeutics (chemotherapeutic agent and nucleic acid) to drug-resistant tumor cells, and lastly, we give our recommendations for the future directions for the co-delivery treatments. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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