Journal
GUT
Volume 69, Issue 7, Pages 1229-1238Publisher
BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319322
Keywords
intestinal bacteria; diabetes mellitus; glucose metabolism
Categories
Funding
- European Union [HEALTH-F4-2012-30531]
- Svenska Forskningsradet Formas [2017-01996_3, 2017-02001]
- Foundation Leducq [17CVD01]
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-11-DPBS-0001, ANR-10--IAH U-05]
- Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsradet)
- Swedish government [ALFGBG-718101]
- county councils, the ALF-agreement [ALFGBG-718101]
- ERC Consolidator Grant (European Research Council) [615362]
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-11-DPBS-0001] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
- European Research Council (ERC) [615362] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
- Formas [2017-02001, 2017-01996] Funding Source: Formas
- Swedish Research Council [2017-02001] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
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Objective The gut microbiota has been implicated in the aetiology of obesity and associated comorbidities. Patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are obese but partly protected against insulin resistance. We hypothesised that the gut microbiota of PWS patients differs from that of non-genetically obese controls and correlate to metabolic health. Therefore, here we used PWS as a model to study the role of gut microbiota in the prevention of metabolic complications linked to obesity. Design We conducted a case-control study with 17 adult PWS patients and 17 obese subjects matched for body fat mass index, gender and age. The subjects were metabolically characterised and faecal microbiota was profiled by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. The patients' parents were used as a non-obese control group. Stool samples from two PWS patients and two obese controls were used for faecal microbiota transplantations in germ-free mice to examine the impact of the microbiota on glucose metabolism. Results The composition of the faecal microbiota in patients with PWS differed from that of obese controls, and was characterised by higher phylogenetic diversity and increased abundance of several taxa such as Akkermansia, Desulfovibrio and Archaea, and decreased abundance of Dorea. Microbial taxa prevalent in the PWS microbiota were associated with markers of insulin sensitivity. Improved insulin resistance of PWS was partly transmitted by faecal microbiota transplantations into germ-free mice. Conclusion The gut microbiota of PWS patients is similar to that of their non-obese parents and might play a role for the protection of PWS patients from metabolic complications.
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