Journal
BIOMARKERS IN MEDICINE
Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 145-163Publisher
FUTURE MEDICINE LTD
DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.106
Keywords
benzene; biomarker of exposure; biomarker of susceptibility; environment; genetic polymorphism; leukemia; occupational setting
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Benzene is a ubiquitous occupational and environmental pollutant. Improved industrial hygiene allowed airborne concentrations close to the environmental context (1-1000 mu g/m(3)). Conversely, new limits for benzene levels in urban air were set (5 mu g/m(3)). The biomonitoring of exposure to such low benzene concentrations are performed measuring specific and sensitive biomarkers such as S-phenylmercapturic acid, trans, trans-muconic acid and urinary benzene: many studies referred high variability in the levels of these biomarkers, suggesting the involvement of polymorphic metabolic genes in the individual susceptibility to benzene toxicity. We reviewed the influence of metabolic polymorphisms on the biomarkers levels of benzene exposure and effect, in order to understand the real impact of benzene exposure on subjects with increased susceptibility.
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