Journal
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume 136, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110959
Keywords
Scientific uncertainty; Chemical substances in food; Food hazard; Risk communication; Risk appraisal; Risk perception
Categories
Funding
- RIVM Strategic Programme [S/121003/01/PU]
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In toxicological health risk assessment, epistemic uncertainties (e.g. about a chemical's intrinsic properties or toxicity) often remain, preventing definitive statements about whether a chemical constitues a risk. In this study, we analyzed public appraisals of uncertain risks of food additives and contaminants. We identified three major characteristics of public appraisal. First, hazard appraisals differed consistently from risk appraisals: respondents were less disturbed by a possible health risk than by the mere presence of the chemical substance in food. Second, while a majority understood that exposure determines whether a chemical constitutes a risk, many respondents thought that all chemicals are equally harmful. This suggests a mismatch between beliefs about exposure and beliefs about toxicity. Finally, the higher people valued certainty about food safety and the less they considered uncertainty about a risk acceptable, the more severe they appraised the presence of the chemical substance in food. This suggests that a mismatch between the level of uncertainty that people expect about food safety and the actual level of scientific uncertainty, affects how people evaluate the presence of chemical substances in food. Following the findings, implications for risk communication are discussed.
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