Journal
EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
Volume 28, Issue 5, Pages 601-608Publisher
AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
DOI: 10.1037/pha0000335
Keywords
e-cigarettes; nicotine; tobacco; pain
Funding
- Chairman's Research Development Fund Pilot Grant Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
- National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Insti-tutes of Health [K12 DA031794, K23 DA041616]
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Pain and tobacco cigarette smoking frequently co-occur, and smokers report using cigarettes to self-medicate pain. Despite the growing popularity of e-cigarettes and alternative nicotine products, no research has examined their use as a function of pain status. The goal of this study was to test cross-sectional relations between the presence of pain and current use of e-cigarettes, lifetime polynicotine use, and lifetime use of individual nicotine products. The sample was comprised of current daily smokers (N = 301) who were recruited to participate in a web-based longitudinal study examining predictors of cessation milestones. Results indicated that smokers who endorsed past-2-week significant pain (vs. no past-2-week pain) were 3 times more likely to endorse current e-cigarette use, reported having used a greater number of nicotine products in their lifetime, and were nearly 3 times more likely to endorse lifetime polynicotine use. In terms of individual products, smokers with pain were approximately 4 times as likely to have tried e-cigarettes and 7 times more likely to have tried cigars. This is the first study to demonstrate that smokers who endorse significant pain are also more likely to endorse use of e-cigarettes and other combustible nicotine products. Future research is needed to examine polynicotine use in relation to pain reporting among more varied samples of smokers and nonsmokers.
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