Journal
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A
Volume 55, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1140/epja/i2019-12885-0
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- China's Thousand Talents Plan for Young Professionals
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Mexico [4.10, CB201422117]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico -CNPq [305894/2009-9, 464898/20145, 305815/2015, 308486/2015-3]
- Coordinacion de la Investigacion Cientifica (CIC) of the University of Michoacan
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [FI 970/11-1]
- Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2013/01907-0, 2017/056600, 2017/05685-2, 2017/07595-0]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China) [2019CDJDWL0005]
- Helmholtz International Centre for FAIR within the LOEWE program of the State of Hesse
- Jiangsu Province Hundred Talents Plan for Professionals
- Junta de Andalucia [FQM-370]
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Science Foundation [NY129032]
- Natural Science Foundation of China [11805024, 11847024, 11847301]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [SAPIN-2016-00031]
- Spanish MEyC [FPA2017-84543-P, SEV-2014-0398]
- Spanish MINECO [FPA2017-86380-P]
- Spanish National Project [FPA2017-86380-P]
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics [DE-AC02-06CH11357, DE-AC05-06OR23177, DE-FG02-87ER40371]
- U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-1506416, PHY-1714133, PHY-1812382]
- STFC [ST/S00467X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Understanding the origin and dynamics of hadron structure and in turn that of atomic nuclei is a central goal of nuclear physics. This challenge entails the questions of how does the roughly 1 GeV mass-scale that characterizes atomic nuclei appear; why does it have the observed value; and, enigmatically, why are the composite Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) abnormally light in comparison? In this perspective, we provide an analysis of the mass budget of the pion and proton in QCD; discuss the special role of the kaon, which lies near the boundary between dominance of strong and Higgs mass-generation mechanisms; and explain the need for a coherent effort in QCD phenomenology and continuum calculations, in exa-scale computing as provided by lattice QCD, and in experiments to make progress in understanding the origins of hadron masses and the distribution of that mass within them. We compare the unique capabilities foreseen at the electron-ion collider (EIC) with those at the hadron-electron ring accelerator (HERA), the only previous electron-proton collider; and describe five key experimental measurements, enabled by the EIC and aimed at delivering fundamental insights that will generate concrete answers to the questions of how mass and structure arise in the pion and kaon, the Standard Model's NG modes, whose surprisingly low mass is critical to the evolution of our Universe.
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