Lung ultrasound in preterm infants with respiratory distress: experience in a neonatal intensive care unit

Lung ultrasound (LUS) has been described as a useful tool in early prognosis of several respiratory diseases of the newborn, especially preterm infant newborns (PTNB) with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), but still, it is not a standard of care in many neonatal units. We have conducted a descriptive, prospective study in a tertiary neonatal unit during 1 year. PTNB less than 35 weeks with respiratory distress at birth on non-invasive ventilation were recruited. A LUS was performed in the first 12 h of life and scored from 6 to 18 points (6 areas, 1 to 3 points each). They were followed until discharge. Main outcomes: need for surfactant treatment. Sixty-four preterm infants, median gestational age 29 weeks. Median LUS score in surfactant group was significantly higher than in no surfactant group (p < 0.0001). LUS ROC curve for surfactant treatment shows AUC 0.97 (IC 95% 0.92-1). LUS Odds ratio for surfactant treatment 3.17 (IC 95% 1.36-7.35). Conclusion: Early high LUS score correlates with surfactant necessity in preterm infants with respiratory distress at birth.What is Known:center dot Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a useful tool in determining prognosis of preterm infants with respiratory distress at birth.What is New:center dot This study adds evidence about LUS and preterm infants with respiratory distress, early predicting surfactant need and mechanical ventilation.