Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 257, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113423
Keywords
PM2.5; Long-term; Fasting plasma glucose; Diabetes; Indonesia
Categories
Funding
- Career Development Fellowship of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [APP1107107, APP1163693]
- Early Career Fellowship of the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [APP1109193]
- 2019 Monash University Advancing Women's Research Success Grant
- Indonesian Pediatrics Association
- Frisian Flag Indonesia [355/Legal/FFI/XII/2014]
- China Scholarship Council [201806010405, 201709120011]
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Background: Indonesia is facing serious air pollution. However, very few studies have been conducted to examine the health risks of air pollution in Indonesia, particularly for adolescents. Objective: To assess the association between long-term exposure to ambient particles with a diameter of <2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 482 adolescents aged 14-18 years in Yogyakarta, Indonesia in 2016. We finally included 469 (97.30%) participants who had no missing data for data analysis. We collected individual data on socio-demographics, behavioral habits, and health information through standardized questionnaires. Satellite-based PM2.5 concentrations from 2013 to 2016 were assigned based on participants' residential addresses. The association between PM2.5 and FPG was examined using a generalized linear regression model while FPG was modeled as a continuous variable. An ordered logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between PM2.5 and FPG categories. Results: Every 1 mu g/m(3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 0.34 mg/dL [95 confidence interval (95% CI): 0.08 mg/dL, 0.59 mg/dL] increase in FPG levels. Comparing with the low FPG level (under 86 mg/dL), every 1 mu g/m(3) increase in PM2.5 was associated with a 10.20% (95% CI: 1.60%, 19.80%) increase in the odds of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (100-125 mg/dL). Stratified analyses indicated greater effects on participants with hypertension [odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.57] and those had higher physical activities (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.57). Adolescents' sex, obesity status and different cutoff points of FPG did not modify the association between the exposure to PM2.5 and FPG levels. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased FPG levels in Indonesian non-diabetic adolescents. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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