Disease modeling of a mutation in α-actinin 2 guides clinical therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a cardiac genetic disease accompanied by structural and contractile alterations. We identified a rare c.740C>T (p.T247M) mutation in ACTN2, encoding alpha-actinin 2 in a HCM patient, who presented with left ventricular hypertrophy, outflow tract obstruction, and atrial fibrillation. We generated patient-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and show that hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and engineered heart tissues recapitulated several hallmarks of HCM, such as hypertrophy, myofibrillar disarray, hypercontractility, impaired relaxation, and higher myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, and also prolonged action potential duration and enhanced L-type Ca2+ current. The L-type Ca2+ channel blocker diltiazem reduced force amplitude, relaxation, and action potential duration to a greater extent in HCM than in isogenic control. We translated our findings to patient care and showed that diltiazem application ameliorated the prolonged QTc interval in HCM-affected son and sister of the index patient. These data provide evidence for this ACTN2 mutation to be disease-causing in cardiomyocytes, guiding clinical therapy in this HCM family. This study may serve as a proof-of-principle for the use of hiPSC for personalized treatment of cardiomyopathies.