Journal
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
Volume 79, Issue 7, Pages 549-556Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.001
Keywords
Cannabis; Epidemiology; Longitudinal studies; Marijuana; Psychosis; Schizophrenia
Categories
Funding
- United Kingdom Medical Research Council PhD scholarship [SD1708]
- Medical Research Council [G0801418, MR/K023233/1, G0802736, 1046634, G0800612, MR/L010305/1, MR/M006727/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0515-10023] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MR/K023233/1, G0800612, G0802736, G0801418, MR/M006727/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Associations between cannabis use and psychotic outcomes are consistently reported, but establishing causality from observational designs can be problematic. We review the evidence from longitudinal studies that have examined this relationship and discuss the epidemiologic evidence for and against interpreting the findings as causal. We also review the evidence identifying groups at particularly high risk of developing psychosis from using cannabis. Overall, evidence from epidemiologic studies provides strong enough evidence to warrant a public health message that cannabis use can increase the risk of psychotic disorders. However, further studies are required to determine the magnitude of this effect, to determine the effect of different strains of cannabis on risk, and to identify high-risk groups particularly susceptible to the effects of cannabis on psychosis. We also discuss complementary epidemiologic methods that can help address these questions.
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