International Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter coli in Men Who Have Sex With Men in Washington State and Quebec, 2015-2018

Background. Campylobacter species are among the most common causes of enteric bacterial infections worldwide. Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at increased risk for sexually transmitted enteric infections, including globally distributed strains of multidrug-resistant Shigella species. Methods. This was a retrospective study of MSM-associated Campylobacter in Seattle, Washington and Montreal, Quebec with phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results. We report the isolation of 2 clonal lineages of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter coli from MSM in Seattle and Montreal. WGS revealed nearly identical strains obtained from the 2 regions over a 4-year period. Comparison with the National Center for Biotechnology Information's Pathogen Detection database revealed extensive Campylobacter species clusters carrying multiple drug resistance genes that segregated with these isolates. Examination of the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance revealed multiple macrolide resistance determinants including a novel ribosomal RNA methyltransferase situated in a CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) array locus in a C. coli isolate. Conclusions. As previously reported for Shigella, specific multidrug-resistant strains of Campylobacter are circulating by sexual transmission in MSM populations across diverse geographic locations, suggesting a need to incorporate sexual behavior in the investigation of clusters of foodborne pathogens revealed by WGS data.