Journal
CHEMSUSCHEM
Volume 13, Issue 3, Pages 529-538Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903139
Keywords
batteries; lithium; mechanism; operando study; silicon
Funding
- BMBF [03XP0081]
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The addition of Si compounds to graphite anodes has become an attractive way of increasing the practical specific energies in Li-ion cells. Previous studies involving Si/C anodes lacked direct insight into the processes occurring in full cells during low-temperature operation. In this study, a powerful combination of operando neutron diffraction, electrochemical tests, and post-mortem analysis is used for the investigation of Li-ion cells. 18650-type cylindrical cells in two different aging states are investigated by operando neutron diffraction. The experiments reveal deep insights and important trends in low-temperature charging mechanisms involving intercalation, alloying, Li metal deposition, and relaxation processes as a function of charging C-rates and temperatures. Additionally, the main aging mechanism caused by long-term cycling and interesting synergistic effects of Si and graphite are elucidated.
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