Journal
CHEMSUSCHEM
Volume 13, Issue 4, Pages 827-837Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201902730
Keywords
carbon nitride; heterojunctions; hydrogen evolution; photocatalysis; precursor engineering
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51574205]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFA02030000]
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2018B030311022]
- Guangdong Innovation Research Team for Higher Education [2017KCXTD030]
- Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in University of Henan Province (IRTSTHN) [19IRTSTHN028]
- High-Level Talents Project of Dongguan University of Technology [KCYKYQD2017017]
- Engineering Research Center of Non-Food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis & Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes [2016GCZX009]
- Dongguan University of Technology [G200906-17]
- Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2019M652570, 2019M652574]
- Postdoctoral Research Sponsorship in Henan Province [19030025]
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A precursor-engineering strategy coupled with a microwave molten-salt process (PE-MWMS) is developed to synthesize graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) with an isotype triazine/heptazine-based g-C3N4 heterojunction as a photocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under visible light illumination. Four hybrid precursor combinations-thiourea/melamine, thiourea/dicyandiamide, urea/melamine, and urea/dicyandiamide-are used to synthesize g-C3N4 heterojunctions by the PE-MWMS process. Control experiments indicate that the precursor components and microwave treatment have a great effect on the HER performance of the g-C3N4 samples. Samples synthesized with the optimal molar ratios of thiourea/melamine (2:1), thiourea/dicyandiamide (2:1), urea/melamine (3:1), and urea/dicyandiamide (3:1), exhibit the highest HER rates of 3135, 2519, 2844, and 2565 mu mol g(-1) h(-1), respectively. The amounts of heptazine and triazine units in the g-C3N4 samples can be easily adjusted by changing the ratios of the hybrid precursors and play a decisive role in improving the photocatalytic HER activity. Because of the unique composition and microstructure, the efficient separation of electron-hole pairs, the broadened photo-absorption edges, and the narrowed band gaps, the as-obtained triazine/heptazine-based g-C3N4 nanostructures exhibit promising activity for HER application.
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