Power-to-X: Between Electricity Storage, e-Production, and Demand Side Management

The common understanding of Power-to-X is exclusively the use of renewable electricity to manufacture products currently based on fossil sources. In this paper, it is argued that beyond such e-Production many of these technologies also include aspects related to demand side management and temporal storage of electricity. Therefore, a definition of Power-to-X is suggested that encompasses all three aspects. It is discussed, which of these are relevant under which conditions and illustrative examples are highlighted, which show how process systems engineering can help address common challenges for Power-to-X technologies.