Journal
CELL METABOLISM
Volume 30, Issue 4, Pages 800-+Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.020
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Funding
- U.S. Department of Defense through the Peer Reviewed Medical Research Program [W81XWH-18-1-0198]
- National Science Foundation through the Graduate Research Fellowship Program [1644760]
- National Institutes of Health [P20GM121344, P20GM109035, IH S10 OD023461]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences
- Glenn Foundation for Medical Research and Mayo Clinic Center for Biomedical Discovery
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Although antibiotics disturb the structure of the gut microbiota, factors that modulate these perturbations are poorly understood. Bacterial metabolism is an important regulator of susceptibility in vitro and likely plays a large role within the host. We applied a metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approach to link antibiotic-induced taxonomic and transcriptional responses within the murine microbiome. We found that antibiotics significantly alter the expression of key metabolic pathways at the whole-community and single-species levels. Notably, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, which blooms in response toamoxicillin, upregulated polysaccharide utilization. In vitro, we found that the sensitivity of this bacterium to amoxicillin was elevated by glucose and reduced by polysaccharides. Accordingly, we observed that dietary composition affected the abundance and expansion of B. thetaiotaomicron, as well as the extent of microbiome disruption with amoxicillin. Our work indicates that the metabolic environment of the microbiome plays a role in the response of this community to antibiotics.
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