Magnetoencephalography resting-state spectral fingerprints distinguish bipolar depression and unipolar depression

Objectives In clinical practice, bipolar depression (BD) and unipolar depression (UD) appear to have similar symptoms, causing BD being frequently misdiagnosed as UD, leading to improper treatment decision and outcome. Therefore, it is in urgent need of distinguishing BD from UD based on clinical objective biomarkers as early as possible. Here, we aimed to integrate brain neuroimaging data and an advanced machine learning technique to predict different types of mood disorder patients at the individual level. Methods Eyes closed resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) data were collected from 23 BD, 30 UD, and 31 healthy controls (HC). Individual power spectra were estimated by Fourier transform, and statistic spectral differences were assessed via a cluster permutation test. A support vector machine classifier was further applied to predict different mood disorder types based on discriminative oscillatory power. Results Both BD and UD showed decreased frontal-central gamma/beta ratios comparing to HC, in which gamma power (30-75 Hz) was decreased in BD while beta power (14-30 Hz) was increased in UD vs HC. The support vector machine model obtained significant high classification accuracies distinguishing three groups based on mean gamma and beta power (BD: 79.9%, UD: 81.1%, HC: 76.3%, P < .01). Conclusions In combination with resting-state MEG data and machine learning technique, it is possible to make an individual and objective prediction for mode disorder types, which in turn has implications for diagnosis precision and treatment decision of mood disorder patients.