Journal
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 104, Issue 1, Pages 51-65Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10226-1
Keywords
Acid stress; Resistance mechanism; Probiotics; Organic acids; Systems and synthetic biology
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Funding
- 863 projects [2015AA021005]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31622001]
- 111 Project [111-2-06]
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Microorganisms encounter acid stress during multiple bioprocesses. Microbial species have therefore developed a variety of resistance mechanisms. The damage caused by acidic environments is mitigated through the maintenance of pH homeostasis, cell membrane integrity and fluidity, metabolic regulation, and macromolecule repair. The acid tolerance mechanisms can be used to protect probiotics against gastric acids during the process of food intake, and can enhance the biosynthesis of organic acids. The combination of systems and synthetic biology technologies offers new and wide prospects for the industrial applications of microbial acid tolerance mechanisms. In this review, we summarize acid stress response mechanisms of microbial cells, illustrate the application of microbial acid tolerance in industry, and prospect the introduction of systems and synthetic biology to further explore the acid tolerance mechanisms and construct a microbial cell factory for valuable chemicals.
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