Long term evaluation of electric storage technologies vs alternative flexibility options for the Swiss energy system

In this study we assess multiple flexibility options for the Swiss energy system in the context of the national energy and climate strategy. Based on an integrated energy modelling framework, we explore two long-term scenarios: a Baseline scenario, which assumes the continuation of major existing energy policy lines, and a Climate scenario, which assumes the achievement of the Swiss Nationally Determined Contributions. We show that selected policy goals of the Swiss energy strategy, such as the future trajectory of electricity consumption, may not be supported by the least-cost configuration of the future energy system. Storage, demand-side management, sector coupling and smart integration of electromobility are key flexibility options for the future Swiss energy system. The different flexibility options have complementary and synergistic effects, and the success of a sustainable energy future in Switzerland depends not only on individual technologies but also on how these technologies interact within the overall system.