A Dutch Case Report of Successful Treatment of Chronic Relapsing Urinary Tract Infection with Bacteriophages in a Renal Transplant Patient

We report a case of a 58-year-old renal transplant patient who developed a recurrent urinary tract infection with an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae strain in the first month posttransplant. Even though it tested susceptible to carbapenems and despite repeated meropenem treatment, his infection recurred. The infection eventually evolved into epididymitis that was successfully treated with meropenem and bacteriophages. This case demonstrates the difficulty of treating relapsing ESBL-positive Gram-negative infections in renal transplant patients.