Management of Acute Cholecystitis during Neoadjuvant Therapy in Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Background Patients with localized pancreatic cancer (PC) can develop acute cholecystitis during neoadjuvant therapy; optimal management remains undefined. Methods Consecutive patients with localized PC who had indwelling biliary stents and received neoadjuvant therapy were reviewed. Time from stent placement to the development of acute cholecystitis was calculated. Patients were categorized as having surgical versus nonoperative management of cholecystitis. Time to PC resection was defined as the time from the start of treatment to pancreatic resection. Results Of the 283 patients with indwelling biliary stents, acute cholecystitis occurred in 17 (6%) patients. The median time from the date of stent placement to the development of cholecystitis was 2.3 months [interquartile range (IQR) 4.6 months]. Acute cholecystitis was managed with cholecystostomy tube placement in 15 (88%) patients and cholecystectomy in 2 (12%). In total, 189 (67%) of the 283 patients completed all intended neoadjuvant therapy and surgery; 10 (59%) of the 17 patients with cholecystitis (10 of 15 managed with a cholecystostomy tube and 0 of 2 managed with cholecystectomy) and 179 (67%) of the 266 patients without cholecystitis (p = 0.47). The median time to PC resection was 3.2 months for the 179 patients without cholecystitis and 3.6 months for the 10 patients with cholecystitis (p = 1.00). Conclusions Acute cholecystitis occurred in 6% of patients with indwelling biliary stents during neoadjuvant therapy. Management with a cholecystostomy tube did not delay the completion of neoadjuvant therapy and surgery and should be considered the optimal management of this complication.