Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 59, Issue 8, Pages 3048-3052Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912634
Keywords
Al battery; aqueous battery; cathode materials; cation selection; nanorods
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Funding
- Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences Program [DE-SC0016082]
- NSF [DMR-1719875]
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Understanding cation (H+, Li+, Na+, Al3+, etc.) intercalation/de-intercalation chemistry in transition metal compounds is crucial for the design of cathode materials in aqueous electrochemical cells. Here we report that orthorhombic vanadium oxides (V2O5) supports highly reversible proton intercalation/de-intercalation reactions in aqueous media, enabling aluminum electrochemical cells with extended cycle life. Empirical analyses using vibrational and x-ray spectroscopy are complemented with theoretical analysis of the electrostatic potential to establish how and why protons intercalate in V2O5 in aqueous media. We show further that cathode coatings composed of cation selective membranes provide a straightforward method for enhancing cathode reversibility by preventing anion cross-over in aqueous electrolytes. Our work sheds light on the design of cation transport requirements for high-energy reversible cathodes in aqueous electrochemical cells.
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