Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 13, Issue 10, Pages 12219-12229Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07241
Keywords
void-preserving structure; templateless approach; resorcinol-formaldehyde resin; silicon nanoparticle; lithium-ion battery
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51604089, 51874110]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2016M601431, 2018T110308]
- Heilongjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation [LBH-Z16056, LBH-TZ1707]
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Silicon (Si), a promising candidate for next-generation lithium-ion battery anodes, is still hindered by its volume change issue for (de)lithiation, thus resulting in tremendous capacity fading. Designing carbon-modified Si materials with a void-preserving structure (Si@void@C) can effectively solve this issue. The preparation of Si@void@C, however, usually depended on template-based routes or chemical vapor deposition, which involve toxic reagents, tedious operation processes, and harsh conditions. Here, a facile templateless approach for preparing Si@void@C materials is reported through controlling the growth kinetics of resin, without the use of toxic hydrofluoric acid or harsh conditions. This approach allows great flexibility in tuning the crucial parameters of Si@void@C, such as the carbon shell thickness, the reserved void size, and the number of Si cores coated by a carbon shell. The optimized Si@void@C delivers a large specific capacity (1993.2 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 A g(-1)), excellent rate performance (799.4 mAh g(-1) at 10.0 A g(-1)), and long cycle life (73.5% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 2.0 A g(-1)). In addition, a full cell fabricated with a Si@void@C anode and commercial LiFePO4 cathode also displays an impressive cycling performance.
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