Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 11, Issue 49, Pages 46077-46089Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14487
Keywords
nanoclusters; fluorescence; aggregation-induced emission enhancement; cytochrome c; adenosine triphosphate
Funding
- National Elite Foundation of I.R. Iran
- Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) [95837188]
- Research Council of Razi University
- Research Council of Tarbiat Modares University
- Saramadan Confederation of I.R. Iran
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Four fluorescent DNA-stabilized fluorescent silver nanoclusters (DNA AgNCs) were designed and synthesized with differences in lengths of cytosine-rich DNA strand (as the stabilizing agent) and target-specific strand DNA-AgNCs DNA aptamers for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cytochrome c (Cyt c). After their nanohybrid formation with graphene oxide (GO), it was unexpectedly found that, depending on the composition of the base and length of the strand DNA aptamer, the fluorescence intensity of three of the nanohybrids significantly enhanced. Our experimental observations and quantum mechanical calculations provided an insight into the mechanisms underlying the behavior of DNA AgNCs/GO nanohybrids. The enhanced fluorescence was found to be attributed to the aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIE) characteristic of the DNA AgNCs adsorbed on the GO surface, as confirmed evidently by both fluorescence and transmission electron microscopies. The AIE is a result of hardness and oxidation properties of GO, which lead to enhanced argenophilic interaction and thus to increased Ag(I) DNA complex shell aggregation. Consequently, two of the DNA-AgNCs/GO nanohybrids were successfully extended to construct highly selective, sensitive, label-free, and simple aptasensors for biosensing of ATP (LOD = 0.42 nM) and Cyt c (LOD = 2.3 nM) in lysed Escherichia coli DH5 alpha cells and mouse embryonic stem cells, respectively. These fundamental findings are expected to significantly influence the designing and engineering of new AgNCs/GO-based AIE biosensors.
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