Journal
BIOMOLECULES
Volume 9, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom9080350
Keywords
ischemic stroke; middle cerebral artery occlusion; amyloid; A beta peptides; blood vessels
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [SC2GM111149, S21MD001830, U54 MD007600]
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It is well known that amyloid beta (A beta) peptides are generated in blood vessels, released into the brain during thrombosis, and temporarily accumulate in this organ after injury. Here we demonstrate that 24 h after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), one of the standard models of focal ischemic stroke, A beta peptide accumulates in the brain, concentrating on the blood vessel walls. Because A beta oligomers are known to induce significant damage to brain cells, they act as an additional damaging factor during ischemic stroke. Considering that they have been shown to form ion channels in cells, affecting osmotic balance, we used an A beta peptide channel blocker, tromethamine (2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl) propane-1,3-diol), to prevent this additional injury. Tromethamine injected 0.1 g/100 g body weight intraperitoneally at 5 min before tMCAO decreased water content in the damaged hemisphere, as measured by dry brain weight. Congo red staining, which binds only to A beta oligomer plaques (amyloid), showed that there was no significant presence of plaques. Therefore, we suggest that A beta peptide oligomers are responsible for some of the brain damage during stroke and that blockage of the ion channels that they form could be beneficial in treating this complex neurological syndrome.
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