Journal
ELECTRONICS
Volume 8, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/electronics8090943
Keywords
autonomous vehicle; self-driving shuttle bus; automated shuttle service; driving comfort; software-in-the-loop (SIL); public transportation
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Funding
- Institute of Information & Communications Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP) - Korea government (MSIT) [2019-0-00399]
- Institute for Information & Communication Technology Planning & Evaluation (IITP), Republic of Korea [2019-0-00399-001] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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The convergence of mechanical, electrical, and advanced ICT technologies, driven by artificial intelligence and 5G vehicle-to-everything (5G-V2X) connectivity, will help to develop high-performance autonomous driving vehicles and services that are usable and convenient for self-driving passengers. Despite widespread research on self-driving, user acceptance remains an essential part of successful market penetration; this forms the motivation behind studies on human factors associated with autonomous shuttle services. We address this by providing a comfortable driving experience while not compromising safety. We focus on the accelerations and jerks of vehicles to reduce the risk of motion sickness and to improve the driving experience for passengers. Furthermore, this study proposes a time-optimal velocity planning method for guaranteeing comfort criteria when an explicit reference path is given. The overall controller and planning method were verified using real-time, software-in-the-loop (SIL) environments for a real-time vehicle dynamics simulation; the performance was then compared with a typical planning approach. The proposed optimized planning shows a relatively better performance and enables a comfortable passenger experience in a self-driving shuttle bus according to the recommended criteria.
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