Journal
BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW
Volume 81, Issue 4, Pages 315-328Publisher
MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1134/S0006297916040027
Keywords
regulatory miRNAs; key genes; oncogenesis; signaling pathways; osteosarcoma; metastasis
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Funding
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research [15-03-00521-a]
- Program for Fundamental Research in the Development of Biomedical Technologies of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences [22 (FIMT-2014-153)]
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This review summarizes data on microRNA (miRNA) genomic organization, biogenesis, and functions in carcinogenesis. The roles of key genes and regulatory miRNAs in molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the development of osteosarcoma, the most aggressive type of bone tumor striking mainly in adolescence and early adulthood, are discussed in detail. The most critical pathways in osteosarcoma pathogenesis are the Notch, Wnt, NF-kappa B, p53, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK pathways. The balance between cell survival and apoptosis is determined by the Wnt and NF-kappa B pathways, as well as by the ratio between the activities of the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Several miRNAs (miR-21, -34a, -143, -148a, -195a, -199a-3p, -382) regulate multiple target genes, pathways, and processes essential for osteosarcoma pathogenesis. Data on the key genes and regulatory miRNAs involved in metastasis and tumor cell response to drug treatment are presented. Possible applications of miRNA in osteosarcoma diagnostics and treatment are discussed.
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