Recent progress on electrohydrodynamic nanowire printing

Electrohydrodynamic nanowire printing (e-NWP) technology can be used to print ultra-fine nanowires (NWs) in patterns at high precision. This technology has enabled advances in large-area patterned NWs, high-precision and high-integration devices, nanoelectromechanical systems, and bio-inspired devices. The electrical properties of the devices printed using e-NWP can be adjusted by controlling the gaps and diameters of the NWs. These forms have widespread application in field effect transistors, synaptic mimicry and masks. This review summarizes the basic principles, materials, printing methods and applications of e-NWP, and then outlines the research direction and obstacles that should be overcome to expand the applications of e-NWPs, and enable their commercialization.