A tutorial survey on vehicular communication state of the art, and future research directions

Vehicular communication enables a variety of safety, infotainment, mobility, and environmental applications. Vehicular communication is one of the leading research areas because of its specific applications and characteristics and has attracted great interest from academia, industries, and governments. Our paper is a comprehensive survey of vehicular communication that covers the state of the art and future research directions. The article is a new contribution in the similar category of tutorials/surveys of the vehicular communication domain with the latest details. State of the art presents the architecture, applications, emerging radio access technologies, standardization, and project activities. We review the protocol stacks of the intelligent transportation system (ITS) in the USA, Japan, and Europe with their latest standards. In this paper, we present the emerging radio access technologies such as visible light communication, mmWave, Cellular-V2X, and 5G for connected and autonomous vehicles and their associated challenges. The new research directions in the emerging areas of this domain, such as seamless connectivity, edge, fog, software-defined and named data network, and security are also present. We believe that our work will help the researchers, developers and government agencies to become familiar with the latest features of the domain. (C) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.