Journal
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
Volume 7, Issue 12, Pages 1984-1997Publisher
AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.CIR-19-0056
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Funding
- Blueprint Medicines [BLU6864]
- NCI [T32 CA062948, R01 CA55349, P30 CA008748]
- Thyroid SPORE grant [P50 CA172012-01A1]
- Lymphoma Foundation
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center's Experimental Therapeutics Center
- German Research Foundation [KL3118/1-1]
- Doris Duke Charitable Foundation
- Genentech
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T-cell immunotherapies are often thwarted by the limited presentation of tumor-specific antigens abetted by the downregulation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA). We showed that drugs inhibiting ALK and RET produced dose-related increases in cell-surface HLA in tumor cells bearing these mutated kinases in vitro and in vivo, as well as elevated transcript and protein expression of HLA and other antigen-processing machinery. Subsequent analysis of HLA-presented peptides after ALK and RET inhibitor treatment identified large changes in the immunopeptidome with the appearance of hundreds of new antigens, including T-cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide processing (TEIPP) peptides. ALK inhibition additionally decreased PD-L1 levels by 75%. Therefore, these oncogenes may enhance cancer formation by allowing tumors to evade the immune system by downregulating HLA expression. Altogether, RET and ALK inhibitors could enhance T-cell-based immunotherapies by upregulating HLA, decreasing checkpoint blockade ligands, and revealing new, immunogenic, cancer-associated antigens.
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