Journal
BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
Volume 44, Issue -, Pages 696-701Publisher
PORTLAND PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.1042/BST20150289
Keywords
development; morphogenesis; self-organization; synthetic biology; synthetic morphology; tissue engineering
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Funding
- Leverhulme Trust [RPG-2012-558]
- BBSRC [BB/G016658/1, BB/M018040/1]
- BBSRC [BB/G016658/1, BB/M018040/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/M018040/1, BB/G016658/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Classical tissue engineering is aimed mainly at producing anatomically and physiologically realistic replacements for normal human tissues. It is done either by encouraging cellular colonization of manufactured matrices or cellular recolonization of decellularized natural extracellular matrices from donor organs, or by allowing cells to self-organize into organs as they do during fetal life. For repair of normal bodies, this will be adequate but there are reasons for making unusual, non-evolved tissues (repair of unusual bodies, interface to electromechanical prostheses, incorporating living cells into life-support machines). Synthetic biology is aimed mainly at engineering cells so that they can perform custom functions: applying synthetic biological approaches to tissue engineering may be one way of engineering custom structures. In this article, we outline the 'embryological cycle' of patterning, differentiation andmorphogenesis and review progress that has been made in constructing synthetic biological systems to reproduce these processes in new ways. The state-of-the-art remains a long way from making truly synthetic tissues, but there are now at least foundations for future work.
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