Journal
ACS PHOTONICS
Volume 6, Issue 10, Pages 2455-2461Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00707
Keywords
magneto-optical garnets; isolators; silicon photonics; Faraday rotation; non-reciprocal mode conversion; cerium-doped terbium iron garnet; magnet-free isolators
Categories
Funding
- U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-1210818]
- U.K. Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/J018708/1]
- China Scholarship Council
- NSF through the MRSEC program
- NSF through the National Nano Coordinated Infrastructure Network (NNCI) program [1542202]
- Directorate For Engineering
- Div Of Electrical, Commun & Cyber Sys [1542202] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- EPSRC [EP/J018708/1] Funding Source: UKRI
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Monolithic optical isolators that provide modal (transverse electric, TE) and dimensional (500 nm core) matching to on-chip lasers have been realized with one step seedlayer-free garnets. To date, seedlayer-free garnet claddings have required thinner (<340 nm) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) cores because mode-cladding interactions were too weak for laser-matched cores. However, laser matching is important because tapers and mode converters between the laser and the isolator can cause detrimental reflections prior to isolation. This paper reports the use of cerium-doped terbium iron garnet (Ce:TbIG) in a quasi-phase matched nonreciprocal mode conversion (NRMC) isolator that operates on both TE and TM modes without an external field. A key innovation presented here is a repeatable process for foundry-friendly sputter deposition of Ce:TbIG, which enables this high Faraday rotation material (-3200 degrees/cm) to be synthesized in any isolator design that would benefit from one-step lithographical manufacturing. A proof-of-feasibility 500 nm SOI NRMC device is demonstrated with seedlayer-free Ce:TbIG that achieves an isolation ratio of 11 dB. With an optimal length, this NRMC design can provide greater than 30 dB isolation.
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