Journal
NANO ENERGY
Volume 63, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.103882
Keywords
Lithium ion battery; 2D metal chalcogenides; Conversion reaction; In situ transmission electron microscopy; Lithiation
Categories
Funding
- U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science [DE-SC0012704]
- Visiting Scholar Research Program of NPU
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [31020195C001]
- Innovation and Development Program of Shaanxi Province [2017KTPT-03]
- Center for Electrochemical Energy Science (CEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
- Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- DOE Office of Science [DE-SC0012704]
- U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-EE0008234]
- UH Technical Gap Fund
- UH High Priority Area Large Equipment Grant
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Phase evolution during a thorough Li ion's insertion of electrode materials governs their battery performance during charge and discharge. Here we investigated the lithiation pathway of titanium disulfide using in situ TEM combined with synchrotron-based pair distribution function measurement and first-principles calculations. A 2D intercalation reaction proceeds along with a transition from van der Waals interaction between Ti-S slabs to the covalent bonding of S-Li-S, with no symmetry broken. Further lithiation triggers unconventionally multiple step conversion reactions as proved: LiTiS2 -> TiS -> Ti2S -> Ti. The conversion reaction pathway is also verified in fully discharged sample in coin-cell. The expanded conversion chemistry is supposed to increase the capacity of TiS2 electrode and downgrade the cyclability, whereas the existence of intermediate phases shows the promise of improving the reversibility with a successful control of the state of charge.
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