Journal
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
Volume 473, Issue -, Pages 1917-1928Publisher
PORTLAND PRESS LTD
DOI: 10.1042/BCJ20160248
Keywords
directed evolution; pH stability; structure-function relationships; versatile peroxidase
Categories
Funding
- HIPOP project of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [BIO2011-26694]
- NOESIS project of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [BIO2014-56388-R]
- DEWRY project of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [BIO2013-43407-R]
- PEROXICATS European project [KBBE-2010-4-265397]
- INDOX European project [KBBE-2013-7-613549]
- FPI fellowship
- Ramon y Cajal contract of the Spanish MINECO
- ICREA Funding Source: Custom
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A variant of high biotechnological interest (called 2-1B) was obtained by directed evolution of the Pleurotus eryngii VP (versatile peroxidase) expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae [Garcia-Ruiz, Gonzalez-Perez, Ruiz-Duenas, Martinez and Alcalde (2012) Biochem. J. 441, 487-498]. 2-1B shows seven mutations in the mature protein that resulted in improved functional expression, activity and thermostability, along with a remarkable stronger alkaline stability (it retains 60% of the initial activity after 120 h of incubation at pH 9 compared with complete inactivation of the native enzyme after only 1 h). The latter is highly demanded for biorefinery applications. In the present study we investigate the structural basis behind the enhanced alkaline stabilization of this evolved enzyme. In order to do this, several VP variants containing one or several of the mutations present in 2-1B were expressed in Escherichia coli, and their alkaline stability and biochemical properties were determined. In addition, the crystal structures of 2-1B and one of the intermediate variants were solved and carefully analysed, and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out. We concluded that the introduction of three basic residues in VP (Lys-37, Arg-39 and Arg-330) led to new connections between haem and helix B (where the distal histidine residue is located), and formation of new electrostatic interactions, that avoided the hexaco- ordination of the haem iron. These new structural determinants stabilized the haem and its environment, helping to maintain the structural enzyme integrity (with penta-co-ordinated haem iron) under alkaline conditions. Moreover, the reinforcement of the solvent-exposed area around Gln-305 in the proximal side, prompted by the Q202L mutation, further enhanced the stability.
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