Journal
STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
Volume 9, Issue 1, Pages 39-46Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0114
Keywords
Mesenchymal stromal cells; Extracellular vesicles; Regenerative therapy; Immune modulation; Preclinical
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising form of regenerative therapy and immune modulation. Fundamental advances in our understanding of MSCs and EVs have allowed these fields to merge and create potential cell-free therapy options that are cell-based. EVs contain active cargo including proteins, microRNA, and mRNA species that can impact signaling responses in target cells to modify inflammatory and repair responses. Increasing numbers of preclinical studies in animals with various types of injury models have been published that demonstrate the potential impact of MSC-EV therapy. Although the emergence of registered clinical protocols suggests translation to clinical application has already begun, several barriers to more widespread clinical adoption remain. In this review, we highlight the progress made in MSC-derived small EV-based therapy by summarizing aspects pertaining to the starting material for MSC expansion, EV production, and isolation methods, studies from preclinical models that have established a foundation of knowledge to support translation into the patient setting, and potential barriers to overcome on the path to clinical application. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019
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