Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Volume 16, Issue 17, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173020
Keywords
respiratory infection; vitamin D; systematic review; observational studies; 25-hydroxyvitamin D; meta-analysis; acute infection
Funding
- University of Queensland
- NHMRC
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Observational studies and randomised controlled studies suggest that vitamin D plays a role in the prevention of acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI); however, findings are inconsistent and the optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) concentration remains unclear. To review the link between 25(OH) D concentration and ARTI, we searched PubMed and EMBASE databases to identify observational studies reporting the association between 25(OH) D concentration and risk or severity of ARTI. We used random-effects meta-analysis to pool findings across studies. Twenty-four studies were included in the review, 14 were included in the meta-analysis of ARTI risk and five in the meta-analysis of severity. Serum 25(OH) D concentration was inversely associated with risk and severity of ARTI; pooled odds ratios (95% confidence interval) were 1.83 (1.42-2.37) and 2.46 (1.65-3.66), respectively, comparing the lowest with the highest 25(OH) D category. For each 10 nmol/L decrease in 25(OH) D concentration, the odds of ARTI increased by 1.02 (0.97-1.07). This was a non-linear trend, with the sharpest increase in risk of ARTI occurring at 25(OH) D concentration < 37.5 nmol/L. In conclusion, there is an inverse non-linear association between 25(OH) D concentration and ARTI.
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