Journal
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
Volume 10, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1350-6
Keywords
Osteogenesis; Bone tissue engineering; Bone formation; 3D bioprinting; Gene therapy; Ex vivo gene transduction
Funding
- Department of Defense [W81XWH-14-1-0217, W81XWH-15-1-0600]
- National Institutes of Health [1UG3TR0021360, 5R01EB019430]
- Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Department of Health [SAP4100061184, SAP 4100065563, SAP4100050913, 4100062224]
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
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Background Stem cell-based bone tissue engineering shows promise for bone repair but faces some challenges, such as insufficient osteogenesis and limited architecture flexibility of the cell-delivery scaffold. Methods In this study, we first used lentiviral constructs to transduce ex vivo human bone marrow-derived stem cells with human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene (BMP-hBMSCs). We then introduced these cells into a hydrogel scaffold using an advanced visible light-based projection stereolithography (VL-PSL) technology, which is compatible with concomitant cell encapsulation and amenable to computer-aided architectural design, to fabricate scaffolds fitting local physical and structural variations in different bones and defects. Results The results showed that the BMP-hBMSCs encapsulated within the scaffolds had high viability with sustained BMP-2 gene expression and differentiated toward an osteogenic lineage without the supplement of additional BMP-2 protein. In vivo bone formation efficacy was further assessed using an intramuscular implantation model in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) imaging indicated rapid bone formation by the BMP-hBMSC-laden constructs as early as 14 days post-implantation. Histological examination revealed a mature trabecular bone structure with considerable vascularization. Through tracking of the implanted cells, we also found that BMP-hBMSC were directly involved in the new bone formation. Conclusions The robust, self-driven osteogenic capability and computer-designed architecture of the construct developed in this study should have potential applications for customized clinical repair of large bone defects or non-unions.
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