Journal
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 10, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201902084
Keywords
active sites; catalyst motifs; electrocatalysis; oxygen reduction reaction; single active atom catalysts; transition metals; X-ray adsorption spectroscopy
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Funding
- Stiftelsen Olle Engkvist Byggmastare [186-0637]
- Energimyndigheten [45419-1]
- Vetenskapsradet [2018-03937, 2017-04862]
- Swedish Research Council [2017-04862, 2018-03937] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
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The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is of great importance in energy-converting processes such as fuel cells and in metal-air batteries and is vital to facilitate the transition toward a nonfossil dependent society. The ORR has been associated with expensive noble metal catalysts that facilitate the O-2 adsorption, dissociation, and subsequent electron transfer. Single- or few-atom motifs based on earth-abundant transition metals, such as Fe, Co, and Mo, combined with nonmetallic elements, such as P, S, and N, embedded in a carbon-based matrix represent one of the most promising alternatives. Often these are referred to as single atom catalysts; however, the coordination number of the metal atom as well as the type and nearest neighbor configuration has a strong influence on the function of the active sites, and a more adequate term to describe them is metal-coordinated motifs. Despite intense research, their function and catalytic mechanism still puzzle researchers. They are not molecular systems with discrete energy states; neither can they fully be described by theories that are adapted for heterogeneous bulk catalysts. Here, recent results on single- and few-atom electrocatalyst motifs are reviewed with an emphasis on reports discussing the function and the mechanism of the active sites.
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