Journal
WATER RESEARCH
Volume 159, Issue -, Pages 333-347Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.025
Keywords
Antibiotics; Antibiotic resistance; Phytotoxicity; Ozonation; Continuous mode
Funding
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant [675530]
- ERDF through COMPETE2020 - POCI [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006984, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006939, UID/EQU/00511/2013, UID/Multi/50016/2013]
- FCT
- [PD/BD/114318/2016]
- [SFRH/BPD/101703/2014]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [UID/EQU/00511/2013, UID/Multi/50016/2013] Funding Source: FCT
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This work evaluated the removal of a mixture of eight antibiotics (i.e. ampicillin (AMP), azithromycin (AZM), erythromycin (ERY), clarithromycin (CIA), ofloxacin (OFL), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), trimethoprim (TMP) and tetracycline (TC)) from urban wastewater, by ozonation operated in continuous mode at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) (i.e. 10, 20, 40 and 60 min) and specific ozone doses (i.e. 0.125, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 gO(3) gDOC(-1)). As expected, the efficiency of ozonation was highly ozone dose-and contact time-dependent. The removal of the parent compounds of the selected antibiotics to levels below their detection limits was achieved with HRT of 40 min and specific ozone dose of 0.125 gO(3) gDOC(-1). The effect of ozonation was also investigated at a microbiological and genomic level, by studying the efficiency of the process with respect to the inactivation of Escherichia coli and antibiotic-resistant E. coli, as well as to the reduction of the abundance of selected antibiotic resistance genes (ARG5). The inactivation of total cultivable E. coli was achieved under the experimental conditions of HRT 40 min and 0.25 gO(3) gDOC(-1), at which all antibiotic compounds were already degraded. The regrowth examinations revealed that higher ozone concentrations were required for the permanent inactivation of E. coli below the Limit of Quantification (
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