Selection of systemic therapy in patients with locally advanced and recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancer: RAND-based expert opinion by an Italian multidisciplinary panel

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous disease often presenting at an already advanced stage. Cisplatin chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced disease, although its efficacy varies according to different studies. Thus, treatment selection is a challenge, especially in older patients, who frequently have several comorbidities. Moreover, the majority of patients with recurrent and/or metastatic disease are unsuitable for local treatment, either surgery or radiation therapy. The only treatment option for them is systemic therapy, but prognosis remains poor, with a median overall survival of less than 12 months. Methods: A group of Italian key opinion leaders in the field of HNSCC gathered several times in 2018 in order to retrieve a set of statements to help clinicians in their daily decision-making process for the treatment of patients with different scenarios of HNSCC. Results and Conclusion: The panel agreed on 22 statements that were identified as good clinical points based on the available literature or after discussion of the most relevant aspect of the underlying diseases when no international consensus was available. The panel identified a number of possible scenarios (namely 71) in which these statements may be helpful to guide decision-making for the best treatment selection.