Journal
TOXICON
Volume 166, Issue -, Pages 39-45Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.05.001
Keywords
Snake venom; 3FTx/PLA2 dichotomy; Venomics; Brazilian coral snakes; Genus Micrurus; Brazilian southern coral snake; Micrurus frontalis; Amazon coral snake; Micrurus spixii spixii; Aquatic coral snake; Micrurus surinamensis
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Funding
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Madrid (Spain) [BFU 2017-89103-P]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq/MCTIC)
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES/MEC)
- Fundacao Rondonia de Amparo ao Desenvolvimento das Acoes Cientificas e Tecnologicas de Pesquisa do Estado de Rondonia (FAPERO)
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A comparative venom proteomic analysis of the Brazilian southern coral snake, M. frontalis, the Amazon coral snake M. spixii spixii, and the aquatic coral snake M. surinamensis is reported. Venoms from M. frontalis and M. s. spixii were composed mainly (> 90% of the total venom proteome) by 3FTxs and PLA(2)s in different proportions, and minor proteins from 2 to 5 protein families. Conversely, the aquatic coral snake expressed a streamlined (95%) 3FTx venom with low abundance (4.2%) of PLA(2) molecules. A compositional-lethal activity for natural prey correlation analysis suggests that M. surinamensis venom may has evolved under strong pressure to quickly immobilize aquatic prey. On the other hand, venoms from M. frontalis and M. s. spixii, whose diet consist mainly of amphisbaenians and colubrid snakes, may have been shaped through balancing selection. Our work provides strong evidence for the occurrence in M. frontalis venom, but not in those from M. s. spixi and M. surinamensis, of a KUN-PLA(2) complex homologue to heterodimeric venom toxins from some long-tailed monadal coral snakes that target acid-sensing receptors ASIC1 a/2 evoking pain. The M. frontalis protein would represent the first example of a KUN-PLA(2) heterodimer in a South American short-tailed triadal coral snake venom.
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