The eye and inflammatory rheumatic diseases: The eye and rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis are associated with potentially sight-threatening inflammatory eye disease. Although the ocular manifestations associated with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis are similar, such as anterior uveitis, this differs from rheumatoid arthritis where dry eye, peripheral ulcerative keratitis and scleritis are the major ocular complications. Apart from causing sight loss, these conditions are painful, debilitating, often recurrent or chronic and may require long-term therapy. Treatments such as ocular lubricant, topical corticosteroid, systemic corticosteroid and systemic immunosuppression are often similar for the underlying systemic disease. Yet for the treatment of the ocular complications, the evidence base is weak. Close collaboration with a rheumatologist is often essential, particularly in the management of these patients. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.