Journal
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Volume 30, Issue 1, Pages 45-57Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2016.01.003
Keywords
GEP NET; gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumour; somatostatin receptor imaging; SRS; glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor imaging; PET/CT
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Detection of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (GEP-NETs) and monitoring of treatment response relies mainly on morphological imaging such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Molecular imaging techniques also in combination with CT (hybrid imaging) greatly benefit patient management, including better localization of occult tumours and better staging. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) and somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positron emission tomography (PET) play a central role in the diagnostic work-up of patients with well differentiated GEP-NETS. SSTR PET/CT is superior to SRS and should be used whenever available. F-18-DOPA and F-18-FDG PET/CT is inferior to SSTR PET/CT at least in patients with well-differentiated GEP-NETs. Both SSTR PET/CT and SRS have limitations, such as relatively low detection rate of benign insulinomas, poorly differentiated GEP-NETS and liver metastases. New innovations such as SSTR PET/MRI, radiolabelled SSTR antagonists and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists might further improve imaging of GEP-NETS. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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