Journal
SMALL
Volume 15, Issue 44, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902656
Keywords
air-processing; all-small-molecule solar cells; electron acceptors; power conversion efficiency
Categories
Funding
- National Basic Research Program of China (Program 973) [2014CB643502]
- National Key R&D Program of China [2017YFA0204700]
- Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB12010200]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21572234, 21661132006, 61505225]
- U.S. Office of Naval Research [N000141712204]
- U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
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Small molecule solar cells (SMSCs) lag a long way behind polymer solar cells. A key limit is the less controllable morphology of small molecule materials, which can be aggravated when incorporating anisotropic nonfullerene acceptors. To fine-tune the blending morphology within SMSCs, a pi-conjunction curtailing design is applied, which produces a efficient benzodithionopyran-cored molecular acceptor for nonfullerene SMSCs (NF-SMSCs). When blended with a molecular donor BDT3TR-SF to fabricate NF-SMSCs, the pi-conjunction curtailed molecular acceptor NBDTP-M obtains an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 10.23%, which is much higher than that of NBDTTP-M of longer pi-conjunction. It retains 93% of the PCE of devices fabricated in a glove box when all spin-coating and post-treating procedures are conducted in ambient air with relative humidity of 25%, which suggests the good air-processing capability of pi-conjunction curtailed molecules. Detailed X-ray scattering investigations indicate that the BDT3TR-SF:NBDTP-M blend exhibits a blend morphology featuring fine interpenetrating networks with smaller domains and higher phase purity, which results in more efficient charge generation, more balanced charge transport, and less recombination compared to the low-performance BDT3TR-SF:NBDTTP-M blend. This work provides a guideline for molecular acceptors' design toward efficient, low-cost, air-processed NF-SMSCs.
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