Journal
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
Volume 59, Issue -, Pages 92-111Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.003
Keywords
Cancer; mTOR; Mutation; Oncogene; Molecular target; Resistance; Metastasis; Precision medicine; Inhibitors
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Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that gets inputs from the amino acids, nutrients, growth factor, and environmental cues to regulate varieties of fundamental cellular processes which include protein synthesis, growth, metabolism, aging, regeneration, autophagy, etc. The mTOR is frequently deregulated in human cancer and activating somatic mutations of mTOR were recently identified in several types of human cancer and hence mTOR is therapeutically targeted. mTOR inhibitors were commonly used as immunosuppressors and currently, it is approved for the treatment of human malignancies. This review briefly focuses on the structure and biological functions of mTOR. It extensively discusses the genetic deregulation of mTOR including amplifications and somatic mutations, mTOR-mediated cell growth promoting signaling, therapeutic targeting of mTOR and the mechanisms of resistance, the role of mTOR in precision medicine and other recent advances in further understanding the role of mTOR in cancer.
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