Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 681, Issue -, Pages 435-443Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.312
Keywords
Eisenia fetida; Environmental metabolomics; Metabolic profiling; NMR; LC-MS
Categories
Funding
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences training grant [T32 ES018827]
- UC Riverside Graduate Research Mentorship Program
- UC Riverside Dissertation Year Program
- UC Riverside Metabolomics Core Facility Seed Grant
- National Science Foundation [CHE-1626673]
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Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) metabolomics is a useful indicator of toxicant exposure. Extracts of whole earthworms are most commonly used to measure metabolic perturbations, in addition to coelomic fluid which has been used on a more limited basis. Coelomocytes are free moving cells found within earthworm coelomic fluid, and the potential of this compartment has not been evaluated for its utility in earthworm metabolomics. In this study, earthworms were exposed to 18.5 and 37.0 mg/kg chlorothalonil, a commonly used fungicide that targets glutathione. The metabolic impacts of a 14-day chlorothalonil exposure were assessed using H-1 NMR and targeted LC-MS measurements of earthworm, coelomic fluid, and coelomocyte extracts. Coelomic fluid was identified as the most sensitive matrix for measuring the effects of chlorothalonil exposure, where an increase in glutamine levels was the only biomarker observed at both doses. At the high dose, multiblocked-orthogonal partial least squaresdiscriminant analysis (MB-OPLS-DA) supported increased N-acetylserine and ophthalmic acid levels as additional biomarkers of exposure in coelomic fluid. These perturbations may indicate increased oxidative stress, although no changes in glutathione were observed in any matrix. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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