Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 116, Issue 39, Pages 19318-19323Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904154116
Keywords
isoprene emissions; landscape heterogeneity; intermediate horizontal scales; Amazon tropical forest; UAV measurements
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Funding
- Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education [88881.187481/2018-01]
- Senior Visitor Research Grant of the Amazonas State Research Foundation [062.00568/2014, 062.00491/2016]
- Harvard Climate Change Solutions Fund
- Postdoctoral Program in Environmental Chemistry of the Dreyfus Foundation
- Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences of the US National Science Foundation [AGS-1829025, AGS-1829074]
- Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development
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The emissions, deposition, and chemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are thought to be influenced by underlying landscape heterogeneity at intermediate horizontal scales of several hundred meters across different forest subtypes within a tropical forest. Quantitative observations and scientific understanding at these scales, however, remain lacking, in large part due to a historical absence of canopy access and suitable observational approaches. Herein, horizontal heterogeneity in VOC concentrations in the near-canopy atmosphere was examined by sampling from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flown horizontally several hundred meters over the plateau and slope forests in central Amazonia during the morning and early afternoon periods of the wet season of 2018. Unlike terpene concentrations, the isoprene concentrations in the near-canopy atmosphere over the plateau forest were 60% greater than those over the slope forest. A gradient transport model constrained by the data suggests that isoprene emissions differed by 220 to 330% from these forest subtypes, which is in contrast to a 0% difference implemented in most present-day biosphere emissions models (i.e., homogeneous emissions). Quantifying VOC concentrations, emissions, and other processes at intermediate horizontal scales is essential for understanding the ecological and Earth system roles of VOCs and representing them in climate and air quality models.
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