Journal
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Volume 116, Issue 34, Pages 16687-16691Publisher
NATL ACAD SCIENCES
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821937116
Keywords
2-dimensional electron gas; molecular beam epitaxy; strontium titanate; termination control
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Funding
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-76SF00515]
- NSF [ECCS-1542152]
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Oxide materials are important candidates for the next generation of electronics due to a wide array of desired properties, which they can exhibit alone or when combined with other materials. While SrTiO3 (STO) is often considered a prototypical oxide, it, too, hosts a wide array of unusual properties, including a 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), which can form at the surface when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. Using layer-by-layer growth of high-quality STO films, we show that the 2DEG only forms with the SrO termination and not with the TiO2 termination, contrary to expectation. This dichotomy of the observed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) spectra is similarly seen in BaTiO3 (BTO), in which the 2DEG is only observed for BaO-terminated films. These results will allow for a deeper understanding and better control of the electronic structure of titanate films, substrates, and heterostructures.
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