Journal
PLANT JOURNAL
Volume 101, Issue 2, Pages 253-264Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14536
Keywords
karyotype; chromosome painting; FISH; poplar; evolution
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31670603]
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Basic Research Foundation for Universities [16KJA220001]
- Doctorate Fellowship Foundation of Nanjing Forestry University
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- National Science Foundation [IOS-1444514]
- Michigan State University
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The karyotype represents the basic genetic make-up of a eukaryotic species. Comparative cytogenetic analysis of related species based on individually identified chromosomes has been conducted in only a few plant groups and not yet in woody plants. We have developed a complete set of 19 chromosome painting probes based on the reference genome of the model woody plant Populus trichocarpa. Using sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization we were able to identify all poplar chromosomes in the same metaphase cells, which led to the development of poplar karyotypes based on individually identified chromosomes. We demonstrate that five Populus species, belonging to five different sections within Populus, have maintained a remarkably conserved karyotype. No inter-chromosomal structural rearrangements were observed on any of the 19 chromosomes among the five species. Thus, the chromosomal synteny in Populus has been remarkably maintained after nearly 14 million years of divergence. We propose that the karyotypes of woody species are more stable than those of herbaceous plants since it may take a longer period of time for woody plants to fix chromosome number or structural variants in natural populations.
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