Verification of the global gyrokinetic stellarator code XGC-S for linear ion temperature gradient driven modes

XGC (X-point Gyrokinetic Code) is a whole-volume, total-f gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code developed for modeling tokamaks. In recent work, XGC has been extended to model more general 3D toroidal magnetic configurations, such as stellarators. These improvements have resulted in the XGC-S version. In this paper, XGC-S is benchmarked in the reduced delta-f limit for linear electrostatic ion temperature gradient-driven microinstabilities, which can underlie turbulent transport in stellarators. An initial benchmark of XGC-S in tokamak geometry shows good agreement with the XGC1, ORB5, and global GENE codes. A benchmark between XGC-S and the EUTERPE global gyrokinetic code for stellarators has also been performed, this time in the geometry of the optimized stellarator Wendelstein 7-X. Good agreement has been found for the mode number spectrum, mode structure, and growth rate. Published under license by AIP Publishing.