Unique Crystal Structure of Ca2RuO4 in the Current Stabilized Semimetallic State

The electric-current stabilized semimetallic state in the quasi-two-dimensional Mott insulator Ca2RuO4 exhibits an exceptionally strong diamagnetism. Through a comprehensive study using neutron and x-ray diffraction, we show that this nonequilibrium phase assumes a crystal structure distinct from those of equilibrium metallic phases realized in the ruthenates by chemical doping, high pressure, and epitaxial strain, which in turn leads to a distinct electronic band structure. Dynamical mean field theory calculations based on the crystallographically refined atomic coordinates and realistic Coulomb repulsion parameters indicate a semimetallic state with partially gapped Fermi surface. Our neutron diffraction data show that the nonequilibrium behavior is homogeneous, with antiferromagnetic long-range order completely suppressed. These results provide a new basis for theoretical work on the origin of the unusual nonequilibrium diamagnetism in Ca2RuO4.